An article published in the journal “Science Advances” reports a study carried out on the DNA of two Neanderthals who lived in today’s Germany and Belgium about 120,000 years ago. A team led by Dr. Stéphane Peyrégne of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, used genetic data obtained from bones still in good condition of the two individuals, concluding that they were members of a population from which all of the later identified Neanderthals descended except the ones who lived on the Altai Mountains in Siberia.