An article published in the journal “Science” reports the extraction of nuclear DNA belonging to Neanderthals from sediments excavated in deposits in northern Spain and Siberia. A team of researchers led by Benjamin Vernot of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, used techniques to extract DNA from sediments developed over the past few years. At the Spanish site, this made it possible to discover DNA linked to different Neanderthal populations with one population being replaced by another about 100,000 years ago.